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Lycopene and
Selenium Update:
More Precincts
Reporting Votes In The Election Regarding The Roles Lycopene And
Selenium in Prostate Cancer Intervention
LYCOPENE: One
CLINICAL vote for lycopene was cast by the report from New Dehli: "A
comparison of lycopene and orchidectomy vs orchidectomy alone in the
management of advance prostate cancer", (BJU International, Sep 2003).
This prospective randomized trial compared 2 mg lycopene BID beginning
on the day of orchidectomy (OL) in 27 men with metastatic prostate
cancer vs. no lycopene (O) in 27 controls. At 2 years follow-up the mean
PSA was 3.01 (OL) v. 9.02 ng/mL (O), (P = <0.00l). Bone scan responses
were superior in OL at P = <.05. Of the 54 enrollees 12 (O), 22%, had
died v. 7, 13%, OL (P = 0.001).
One IN VITRO
vote in favor: "Lycopene inhibits the growth of normal human
prostate epithelial cells in vitro", UC, Davis, CA (J Nutr. 2003, Nov).
The study assessed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and
found significant growth inhibition in a dose dependent fashion
resulting from cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, a finding that would
support lycopene as a cancer prevention agent.
SELENIUM: One
CLINICAL vote in favor of selenium: "Toenail selenium levels and the
subsequent risk of prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study", The
Netherlands (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers, 2003, Sep). The Netherlands
Cohort Study measured baseline selenium levels in toenail clippings from
58,279 enrollees aged 55-69 years. At 6.3 years of follow-up 540
incident cases of PC were diagnosed. A case-cohort analysis was
performed evaluating comparative PC incidence segregated into increasing
selenium quintiles. The incidence rate ratios were 1.00 (ref), 1.05,
0.69, 0.75, and 0.69 (P-trend=0.008) arranged by increasing selenium
levels in the clippings, giving support to the hypothesis that higher
selenium intake may reduce prostate cancer risk.
One EXPERIMENTAL
ANIMAL MODEL vote in favor: "Inorganic Selenium Retards Progression
of Experimental Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer" (J. Urol, 2004,
Feb). The growth of tumor implants and the development of
retroperitoneal lymph node metastases in mice were retarded by dietary
selenium.
Two IN VITRO
votes in favor: A Stanford report finds that selenium decreases gene
expression of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and AR-regulated genes in
an androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line and increases
transcripts of two detoxification enzymes (Mol Biol Cell, 2003, Nov).
From Cancer Research, Jan, 2004, comes the report "Prostate Specific
Antigen Expression is Down-Regulated by Selenium Through Disruption of
Androgen Receptor Signaling", Roswell Park Cancer Institute. The study
was conducted in androgen-responsive cells. Within hours PSA production
decreased followed later by a reduction of the expression of the AR gene
and decreased AR activation of genes under AR control.
Bottom Line:
The final counting of the voting on Selenium will come in the future
when the results of the SELECT TRIAL are reported (Selenium 200 mcg./day
is one arm in the study). The voting on Lycopene continues in multiple
clinical studies.«
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